Nicholas Humphrey on why subjective experience feels “like” anything

Nicholas Humphrey at London Book Fair 2012

 

During my visit to the London Book Fair, I interviewed Nicholas Humphrey for the BookBaby eBook release of the 20th anniversary edition of his great work A History of the Mind.

In this clip, I ask him about what philosophers mean when they say that it feels “like” something to have subjective experience, and why he makes a distinction between perception and sensation.

Nick believes that perceptual knowledge, by itself, lacks qualitative information.  I perceive that the door is closed, but it doesn’t feel “like” something that it’s close; I may know that Paris is the capital of France, but knowing that doesn’t feel “like” anything in the way that eating a peach or hearing a siren does.  That’s because there’s a sharp distinction between perceptual knowledge and sensory expression.

Humphrey argues that we perceive in parallel with sensation, rather than building perception up from nested levels of sense data.  His experiments in blindsight show that higher level perception can go on without sensation – for blindsight sufferers, they can, in a sense, see, but it’s not “like” anything for them and doesn’t enrich their lives.  Nick’s take is that we have an ancestral pathway which supplies us the rich sense of being touched by light, smells, etc., and the experience of what’s happening to me at the moment, the thick moment in which stimuli are touching me and I’m responding to them.  This activity generates a reverberating loop which extends the moment of consciousness beyond the physical instant so that we feel that we’re living in “thick time,” the “thick moment of consciousness.”

I asked Nick why, it feels “like” something when I’m working on a difficult math problem.  He replied that while we’re working out of problem, we’re working not just with our brains, but with our bodies too: often we’re clenching fists, hunched over, and generating somatic sensations that are part of sense of working on the problem – they’re genuine sensations with qualitative dimension supplied by feedback from bodies.  So it’s not the cogitation producing that feeling – it’s the way our bodies are involved in almost everything we do.  For Humphrey, it may be “like” something  to solve a math problem, but not “like” something in the same way as it is when, for example, seeing red.

The idea of it feeling “like” something to have subjective experience was introduced by the philosopher Thomas Nagel to get at the qualitative dimension of sensory consciousness.  Nick believes that seeing red is “like” something because it has a time dimension it couldn’t have – it seems to outlast the physical moment, flowing on in subjective time from thick moment to thick moment, each one seeming to outlast its physical presence.  But while sensation is flowing on it’s not happening in physical time but instead in subjective time, from thick moment to thick moment which seems to outlast its own presence.  While that’s a physical impossibility, we feel it’s “like” that – it *couldn’t* be that, but seems to be “like” that.

Here’s the clip:

It’s a joy to be releasing the 20th anniversary edition of Nicholas Humphrey’s A History of the Mind through BookBaby.  I had the great pleasure of writing the forward for the book and interviewing him at the London Book Fair this year.

It’s available on Amazon, Apple, B&N –

http://www.amazon.com/History-Mind-Evolution-Consciousness-ebook/dp/B00BPYNDCM/

https://itunes.apple.com/ie/book/a-history-of-the-mind/id615087276

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/a-history-of-the-mind-nicholas-humphrey/1111871984

– and dozens of other retailers.  Get it!

 

On the difference between spirituality and religion

Nicholas Humphrey at London Book Fair 2012
During my visit to the London Book Fair, I interviewed Nicholas Humphrey for the BookBaby eBook release of the 20th anniversary edition of his great work A History of the Mind.

In this clip, he discusses how religion is parasitic on the human impulse to spirituality. Humphrey considers “spirituality” to stem from the “mind-body problem” which still dogs science and philosophy: how can our qualitative experiences be produced solely from the material substance of the brain? The fact that our sensory functions provide us with such rich experiences give rise to the notion that we have a “soul” as the seat of experience.

Every day, we awake to amazing sensations, a new universe we create within ourselves which is essentially unshareable – and the idea that we’re focal singularities of consciousness gives rise to the feeling of “spirituality” – that we’re special because we’re hosts to internally generated, out-of-the-world phenomena.

Humans are therefore profoundly individualist, and they discover the importance of selves through private experiences which they can glory in, develop, and feed, as a bubble of consciousness which no one else can enter. And when we attribute similar experiences to others, it changes our relationship to the world in ways which are hugely productive. So the notion that we have “souls” has transformed society – leading us to empathize with others whom (we assume) also feel as the centers of their own private experience.

For Humphrey, those impulses have been subjugated and captured by religious systems , which are parasitic on human spirituality. The real problem of having a “soul” which matters so much to us is that we invest so much in it. Our experience is that this “soul” disappears every night, but we’ve always had it come back. A primary driver of human achievement is the illusion – and mistake – that it will go on forever.

Here’s the clip:


 

It’s a joy to be releasing the 20th anniversary edition of Nicholas Humphrey’s A History of the Mind through BookBaby.  I had the great pleasure of writing the forward for the book and interviewing him at the London Book Fair this year.

It’s available on Amazon, Apple, B&N –

http://www.amazon.com/History-Mind-Evolution-Consciousness-ebook/dp/B00BPYNDCM/

https://itunes.apple.com/ie/book/a-history-of-the-mind/id615087276

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/a-history-of-the-mind-nicholas-humphrey/1111871984

– and dozens of other retailers.  Get it!

 

On the difference between perception and sensation

Nicholas Humphrey at London Book Fair 2012
During my visit to the London Book Fair, I interviewed Nicholas Humphrey for the BookBaby eBook release of the 20th anniversary edition of his great work A History of the Mind.

In this clip, he discusses the phenomenon of blindsight as evidence of there being different internal pathways of sensation and perception. For Nick, perception is time-independent judgment of what’s “out there” in the world, and sensation is sensation involves the subject’s own interaction with stimuli, an active process which is an emotion-laden and which accrues through time.

An experiment showed him the reality of the distinction. The visual cortex in the back of a monkey’s brain was removed, but while the monkey believed she couldn’t see, she managed quite well visually, picking up objects and navigating through the world, although she had to be continually persuaded to do it. Some humans with damage to their visual cortex have “blindsight” as well – they will say they’re blind and feel no visual sensations, but if you ask them questions, they have access to a fair amount of visual information.

Humphrey’s conclusion is that information alone is not enough to create the feeling, the joy, the sense of presence and involvement in the act of “seeing.” These blindsight patients are lacking the dimension of sensation and cannot react internally to the stimuli’s qualities with emotional bodily expression. And that expression – that active response – is the basis for the “qualia of sensation,” the qualities we value so much when talking about consciousness.

Here’s the clip:

It’s a joy to be releasing the 20th anniversary edition of Nicholas Humphrey’s A History of the Mind through BookBaby.  I had the great pleasure of writing the forward for the book and interviewing him at the London Book Fair this year.

It’s available on Amazon, Apple, B&N –

http://www.amazon.com/History-Mind-Evolution-Consciousness-ebook/dp/B00BPYNDCM/

https://itunes.apple.com/ie/book/a-history-of-the-mind/id615087276

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/a-history-of-the-mind-nicholas-humphrey/1111871984

– and dozens of other retailers.  Get it!

 

Nicholas Humphrey releases 20th Anniv. edition of A History of the Mind through BookBaby

It’s a joy to be releasing the 20th anniversary edition of Nicholas Humphrey’s A History of the Mind through BookBaby.  I had the great pleasure of writing the forward for the book and interviewing him at the London Book Fair this year.

Nick says that the book was the result of years of research and theorizing of what it’s like to be conscious, to live in what he calls “the present tense of sensation.”  AHOTM was written to be complementary to Daniel Dennett’s seminal work Consciousness Explained.  Whereas Daniel Dennett’s book discusses the mind as decision-maker, an apparatus for creating future, and a “cerebral office,” Nick emphasized the human self, and how it takes delight in the feeling of being alive.  Humphrey’s take is that we are active participants in sensation: rather than there being anything in the world inherently red, salty, or painful, our experiences are created by us and projected out into the world.  In this way, we are participants in our own experience and light the world up with our own consciousness.

Here’s his video introduction to the book:

It’s available on Amazon, Apple, B&N –

 

http://www.amazon.com/History-Mind-Evolution-Consciousness-ebook/dp/B00BPYNDCM/

https://itunes.apple.com/ie/book/a-history-of-the-mind/id615087276

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/a-history-of-the-mind-nicholas-humphrey/1111871984

– and dozens of other retailers.  Get it!

 

The Court Gossip – 5. Clamoring For Clout (Text and Scores)

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Text:

5. Clamoring For Clout

He’s a much cleverer philosopher than I am.
He’s more famous than I am.
We’re all clamoring for clout.
Neither of us wants to be left out.

Think of this dissociation.
Failures in collaboration.

Suddenly, a famine strikes!
Gives a new throw of the dice.

How can science intervene
if nature’s found its golden mean?
Does that mistake cost you hard?
Which of these two things does that mis-snake bite?

But then –
It’s a mutation!

Unpredicted variation
Snowballing acceleration
Will this new line live or die out?
Will this rhythm/rhyme jibe with the last one?
Now we’re subject to spectrums of sensations like pain
He will rebel against me and I will complain!
     My idea is not the same.

(Don’t forget the atavism.
Or the lessons of positivism.)

You think our raw sensations, if they exist, leave naught behind
     So you say…
(Made me realize what was missing from his picture of the mind and mine…)
What concerns us isn’t just the stream of thought but also it’s the feeling…
     (…feeling of being a subject to this spectrum of sensation…)
How can a system take one step back so it can take steps forward?
A fixation! A fixation!
     A fixation at the best level throughout the population
Does this preceding sentence refer to that receding sentence?
     Do these preceding lieder refer to this receding…

How can falling back turn out to have been advantageous?
     Sometimes a mistake can later bring beneficial consequences…
     Are you writing about me?

The Court Gossip – 4. The Thick Moment (Text and Scores)

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Note: The free Scorch plug-in is required to view the scores in your browser. Turn off your speaker volume, since the score documents are formatted with non-standard MIDI settings and will produce only drum sounds.

Text:

4. The Thick Moment

This patient’s spinning stories in extended present tense,
testing a possibility of selfhood that makes sense.
My rivals claim that consciousness is a nonderivative
activity that’s metaphysically primitive.

I say that we should line up the concepts of mind and brain,
so that the terms on each side have a chance to be the –

He’s still searching, casting about.
His intuition is that I’m leaving something out.
No matter if it’s a contingent,
why is it that perception’s twinned –
with:
The phenomenal experience of red?
The taste of cheese, the pain a-throbbin’ in my head?
What is this thing called sensation?

I know that it’s been shown to be iatrogenic,
but still her symptoms are certainly authentic!
And fill her needs
for boundaries…

In the background, there’s a struggle for supremacy, and then a snap! election
Sentition:
Long ago there were sensory responses organized around the simulation.
     now, sensory responses enclosed inside our brains.
I, for one, would rather hear your opposition than from those who haven’t understood me.
     I – just – wait – OK – then – I disagree.
Sensation, to what does it refer? It refers to itself as it recurs in…
     For planning, you needed to make representations –

Your sensations leave no traces…
Stretching the present brings feelings of resonance…
     Stretching the present feels…

Stretched present –
Thick moment
     Subjective
now contained
     -ject tive present
past and pres-
     Res
ent sustained.
     New domains for an intention
Privacy,
sentiment,
     give a feeling of resonance.
only comes
     Feedback noise decay –
at the
end.

The Court Gossip – 3. Speaking for Our Selves (Text and Scores)

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Text:

3. Speaking For Our Selves

He thinks I leave out (That he omits) phenomena!
Does he overstate (anomalous) phenomena?

I look to the left
I step up to the mirror
I look to the right
Is something coming nearer
Is he down the hall, waiting
For me to leave the bathroom
Will he come to me later
As I make it down the hallway to my room?

What are the implications
Guess how old he is?
To this loose confederation
     Don’t want to burn your bridges!
But rather than a single source,
Her clusters of speech make better sense if you attribute to alters
Separated while
Both this paper’s co-authors seek a common style!

For one of us, without verification, it’s nothing.
(I wonder if he’s trapped by this approach.)
Did I mention how I got him his job cuz I think he’s a truly great romantic scientist!

He’s my friend, and I love to work with him
To zero in on the ramifications of this case –

I
     A
feel
     fail-
some-
     ure
one
     of
watch-
     ac-
ing.
     cess.
Won-
     And
der
     mem-
if
     or-
he’s
     y
lurk-
     lap-
ing?
     ses.

Explanatory fictions without supervision our task is to make descriptions of others’ behavior
     Towel, screen, curtain, seem

Shared philosophies, we have twenty years’ history – who does he think he is to write it – loose cannon!

The feeling of red
     Steam rise!
The taste of the bread
     Rises!
The pain in my head
Continues on as if
It goes to the same
     Round again
From where it came
     Let me do it again
But now closed off in a loop inside of the brain.

Now, private
     Cream rises
It’s private
Just Quine it
     He redlined it
Tell what you think of it
     Self-sustaining
What’s he intimating?
     Is he writing about me?
How to make your many projects cooperate?

The Court Gossip – 2. epi sodes (Text and Scores)

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Text:

2. epi sodes

Never have we encountered such a patient with so many different
epi-sodes / bind!
and gaps in
memory

So how can I attribute her actions to one consistent person, when the facts reveal such
     to one, to one
disjunction?
How can she achieve in integrating all of her

parts?
     epi-sodes
     We’re / here!
Gears inside of gears
     My him she
     Gears beside of gears

I was a girl who kept a diary which she would then read to find that it was written in a
Stranger’s hand.
They couldn’t diagnose it
but she held out hope
     But I hoped
someone would come with a cure for the problem;
never knew what she had –

What are you suppressing?
Whom am I addressing?

Sandy’s coming to play.

Let me tell you a story of a friend who would come when nobody else could see –
a person supervisor protecting from what comes in when I was asleep.
A fracturing of identity –

What’s the center of her narrative gravity?
     Center off-center?
The center of narrative –

The Court Gossip – 1. The Origin of Selves (Text and Scores)

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Text:

1. The Origin of Selves

The tide rolls in
Crash
The tide rolls in
Crashes over memory shoals
My eyes eddy back, back, back

Wave
The room’s shrinking
Help

Shadows of past debris floating up time’s sea
The clock, it has come round again
Round tick round tick
She-I steps off to the shadow side
Disassociates her-me from this

I just can’t
Round again
The past has
Help
Round again round again round again
O my god

 

 

 

The Court Gossip: Synopsis

Dissociative identity disorder
Image via Wikipedia

Roles

  • The patient “Mary”
  • Her “alter” Sandy
  • The writers Daniel Dennett and Nicholas Humphrey, working on a paper about her
  • The composer Brian Felsen, writing a series of art songs about them.

Synopsis

I. The Origin of Selves

The music opens with a flashback to childhood trauma.  Daniel Dennett and Nicholas Humphrey replay the report of the MPD patient (Multiple Personality Disorder – now called DID, Dissociative Identity Disorder) “Mary” as she re-experiences past trauma.  Her “voices” blend in with the sound of her own memory washing in like the tide, punctuated by the sound of the clock in her bedroom.

II. epi sodes

This section deals with dissociation – in MPD/DID patients, “normal” individuals, and creative collaborators.  While the music mirrors the gaps, “episodes,” interjections, and discontinuities in the personality and style of the MPD/DID patient’s “alters,” the writers marvel at the radical disjunction of Mary’s personality traits.

“Mary” at first identifies herself in the first person (“I was a girl”) before switching to the third person in the same sentence (“which she would then read…”).  Dennett and Humphrey even begin to alternate addressing themselves in the first person singular and first person plural.  They compare her case with Dennett’s concept of a “normal” self as the “center of narrative gravity.”

The observers pry information out of the patient, claiming privileged knowledge about the patient (“…never knew what she had…”) and even encouraging the MPD/DID diagnosis (“What are you suppressing?”)  All the while, poor “Mary” still suffers from childhood sexual abuse, recalling how her father or “imaginary guardian” comes, either to protect or abuse her, as she lays in bed.

III. Speaking For Our Selves

Here, normal individuals are shown as being made up of partially disjointed “selves” which communicate and collaborate to form a whole.  Dennett and Humphrey sing about how their patient “Mary” compares with a normal, “multiplex” person whose “loose confederation of selves” have to work together on larger projects.  At the same time, as collaborators on the paper about “Mary,” they are experiencing the same thing: the problem of seeking a common writing style.

Dennett and Humphrey gossip about each other and their philosophies as their own concerns about each other surface.  Just like at the end of the song epi sodes, the composer wonders whom he’s addressing with this musical work and begins to worry about whether his making an artwork about the friendship will “burn his bridges” with the writer-philosophers.

Not losing sight of the patient, the scene then cuts back to “Mary’s” feeling of being watched (which, in counterpoint, the writers indeed are doing) and her fears and memories (real or imagined) of her father lurking at night.

IV. The Thick Moment

In this section, Dennett and Humphrey elaborate on their theories of how consciousness evolved.  The writers sing of consciousness and sensation as being nonmysterious aspects of nature and biology, rather than as supernatural or as irreducible elements of the universe.  They expound upon terms of folk psychology to align the seemingly irreconcilable concepts of “mind” and “brain” and sing about how sensation and the feeling of subjective experience could have evolved (recalling Dennett’s Multiple Drafts Model of consciousness).

The music and lyrics then turn into a slow, surreal fugue, reflecting how the “thick moment” of the present contains the past and sensation.  In the interweaving of voices, the writers:

  • compare the stories of “Mary” with the way we spin our “selves” like a web
  • compare their theories of mind to those of their rivals
  • acknowledge that although the case of “Mary” may have been caused by the diagnosing doctor, her symptoms, for her, are real nonetheless; and
  • continue to gossip about each other’s ideas.

V. Clamoring For Clout

In the final part of the piece, failures of collaboration come to the fore.  The controversy over the validity of Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) as a diagnosis threatens to overwhelm the ideas behind the paper itself.  The writers sing about failure – criticisms of positivism, failures in collaboration, and how genetic mistakes can turn out to bring beneficial consequences.

All the while, they jockey for celebrity and influence, compare each other’s fame, and poke holes in each other’s theories.  The composer imputes his anxiety about being “caught” making an artwork about the collaboration onto them, and he hears them as becoming angry or surprised that he’s writing about them.

At the very end, the piece begins to turn on itself in lines of self-reference.  The voices of the philosophers and composer have overwhelmed those of their subject “Mary,” whose “voices” are nowhere to be found.